Chemical laws

Chemical reactions are governed by certain laws, which have become fundamental concepts in chemistry. Some of them are:

• Avogadro's law
• Beer-Lambert law
• Boyle's law (1662, relating pressure and volume)
• Charles's law (1787, relating volume and temperature)
• Fick's law of diffusion
• Gay-Lussac's law (1809, relating pressure and temperature)
• Le Chatelier's Principle
• Henry's law
• Hess's Law
• Law of conservation of energy leads to the important concepts of equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics.
• Law of conservation of mass continues to be conserved in isolated systems, even in modern physics. However, special relativity shows that due to mass-energy equivalence, whenever non-material "energy" (heat, light, kinetic energy) is removed from a non-isolated system, some mass will be lost with it. High energy losses result in loss of weighable amounts of mass, an important topic in nuclear chemistry.
• Law of definite composition, although in many systems (notably biomacromolecules and minerals) the ratios tend to require large numbers, and are frequently represented as a fraction.
• Law of multiple proportions
• Raoult's Law